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來源：網絡資源 2023-08-15 14:46:45
定語從句：中考難度
定義：在復合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句(一個句子用來修飾名詞或代詞，充當形容詞的功能作定語)，先行詞：被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。定語從句常置于所修飾先行詞的后面。
She is abeautifulgirl. beautiful是一個形容詞用來修飾后面的名詞girl充當定語成分，單個修飾成分放在被修飾詞的前面，但當是短語或句子時就會放在被修飾詞的后面。如：the girlin redis my sister.in red就是介詞短語做girl的修飾成分(定語)。而定語從句是指定語部分不再是一個簡單的成分而是一個句子，那么這個句子就叫做定語從句，整個句子叫做復合句
如:I like the musicthat I can dance tomusic是先行詞，that是關系代詞
He is the manwho I met yesterday.man是先行詞，who是關系代詞
思考：Students like the English teacher who/that is interesting
she likes English which/that is interesting
引導詞：分關系代詞和關系副詞，須放在先行詞的后面，定語從句的前面，起連接作用且在定語從句中充當一定的成分。
關系代詞：
That：指物或指人，在從句中作主語或賓語。作賓語可省略，作主語不可省略。
Which：指物，在從句中作主語或賓語。作賓語可省略，作主語不可省略。
Who：指人，在從句中作主語或賓語。作主語不能省略，作賓語可省略。
Whom：whom指人，是who的賓格，在句中只作賓語，當前面沒有介詞時，可省略。
Whose：指人或指物，在從句中作定語，不可省略。所有格相當于先行詞+’s)
關系副詞：(初高中英語李老師：15191416900(同微)
When：表示時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語。先行詞為表示時間的名詞
I'll never forget the day when Imet you.(when/on which)
Where：表示地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語。先行詞為地點的名詞
The factory where Tom works is in Ankang.(where=in which)
Why：表示原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語，先行詞只有一個，即the reason(why可省略)
That's the reason whyI asked you to come.(why/for which)
注意：關系副詞有時可換成相應的介詞+which，when=on which，where=at/in which，why=for which
因為先行詞是名詞或代詞，
關系代詞引導的定語從句在從句中做主語或賓語
關系副詞引導的定語從句做狀語
whose引導的定語從句做定語
當先行詞是指人且在從句中充當主語時：引導詞需用who/that，不可省略
Iknow the man(who/that)came here yesterday
當先行詞是指人且在從句中充當賓語時：引導詞可用who/whom/that，且可以省略
The girl(that/who/whom/可省略)you are talking with is my friend
當先行詞是指物且在從句中充當主語時：引導詞需用which/that，不可省略
We need to buy some apples(which/that)are good for our health
當先行詞是指物且在從句中充當賓語時：引導詞需用which/that，且可以省略
The books( that/which/可省略) they bought were very expensive.
以上定語從句中需要特別注意：
1：含有定語從句的復合句一般分為兩層：主句層(第一層)和定語從句層(第二層);
2：定語從句可拆分成兩個結構完整語意近似的句子(這兩個句子必定有相同的一個部分)
如：Iknow the man(who/that)came here yesterday
可拆分為：I know the man和The man came here yesterday
如：The lady(who/that/省略)we saw yesterday is Green
可拆分為：The lady is Green. We saw her yesterday.
總結：人(n.) + who/that +從句 物(n.) + that/which +從句
關系代詞who; that;的作用：
1.做代詞，代替先行詞(初高中英語李老師：15191416900(同微)
2..在從句中擔任句子成分：主語或賓語
3.做連詞，把主句和從句連接起來
用that/who填空
1. The girl __________ you saw just now is my sister.
2. Do you remember the words _________ we learned last year.
3. This is the watch __________ my mother gave me for my birthday.
4. I like the present ________ you’ve sent to me.
5. The nurse ____ we talked about can speak English well.
6. This is the man _______ I met yesterday.
7. No one likes books _____ are boring.
習題：按要求完成：
That woman is my teacher. She is wearing a pink dress. (合二為一)
The womana pink dress is my teacher.
1：用定語從句連接
1.The eggs were not fresh. I bought them yesterday.
2.The friend was not hungry. He came to supper last night.
2：把定語從句拆分成兩個完整句子：
1.The noodles( which/ that )you cooked them were delicious.
2.I don’t like the people that / who they smoke a lot.
who / that/which在定語從句中做主語時，謂語動詞的單復數應與先行詞保持一致
I prefer shoes that______ cool. (be)I like a pizza that______ really delicious. (be)
I love singers who ______ beautiful. (be)I have a friend who _______ sports. (play)
較難，看情況掌握：
whom為who的賓語形式,當先行詞指人且做賓語時可用whom，在句中只作賓語，其前沒有介詞時，也可用who替換使用，也可省略，當前面有介詞或介詞提前時，只能用whom不能用who。
The person to whom you just spoke is Mr.Li.引導詞前有介詞，且指人，只能用whom且不可省略
以上句子相當于：The person(who/that/省略)you just spoke to is Mr.Li
Whose(who的所有格)引導的定語從句強調先行詞的“所屬關系”，先行詞“的”什么什么人或物品等，先行詞可人可物，從句可為限定與非限定從句.
The boy whose mother is ill is crying可拆分為：the boy is crying. The boy’s mother is ill
難點：
which和that的區別：兩者都可用作關系代詞引導定語從句，指物時有時可互換。
一：指物時只能用which，不能用that的情況。(初高中英語李老師：15191416900(同微)
(1)引導非限制性定語從句時(比較簡單)。
I lost my watch, which is not found yet. 我把表丟了，到現在還沒有找到。
He changed his mind again, which made us all angry.
(2)先行詞在介詞的后面做介詞的賓語時，如：
This is the book of which l was speaking.這就是我跟你們提到過的那本書。
The tool with which he is working is called a hammer.
二：關系代詞指物時用that不用which的情況
1.先行詞為all, few, little, much, the one, something, anything, everything, nothing等不定代詞時。
(1)We'll do all that we can to protect the animals.
(2) There is much that I wantto tell you.
(3) Is there anything that I can do for you?(初高中英語李老師：15191416900(同微)
2.先行詞被all, every, no, some, any, (a)few, (a)little, much等限定詞修飾時。
You can borrow any book that you want to read in our school library.
3.先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級修飾時。如：
This is the most beautiful city that I've ever seen.
4.先行詞被the only, the very, the right, the last等修飾時。如：
This is the very factory that they visited last summer holiday.
You arethe onlyperson that I can turn to for help.
5.先行詞是并列結構，既有人又有物時。如：
Hebought the paintingsandthebooks that interested him.
6.先行詞為one時。
Is it the one (that) you want?這是你所要的嗎?
7.多個定語從句修飾時，為避免重復，第二個定語從句用that。如：
They built a factory which produced things thatwas very cheap.
8.以which作主語開頭的特殊問句，為了避免重復，定語從句用that。如。
Which is the bus that you will take?
9.當關系代詞在定語從句中作表語時。
China is not the country (that) it was. 中國已不是過去的中國了。
I am not the man(that)I was我已經不是過去的我了
較難，看情況掌握：
先行詞前有the same修飾，表示和先行詞是同一物時。如：
This is the same purse that I lost yesterday.
注：如果表示的是與先行詞同一類或相似的某物，則用the same…as….如：
This is the same purse as I lost yesterday.
三：關系代詞指人時，只能用that不能用who的情況：(初高中英語李老師：15191416900(同微)
1.泛指某人時。如：He is a man that nevergives up.
2.主句是以作主語的who開頭的特殊問句，為了避免重復時。如：
Who is the person that is talking with ourteacher?
Who is the girl that won the first place?獲得第一名的女孩是誰?
3.先行詞前有the same時。如：This is the same man that gave us a talk last year.
一：將下列各題中的兩個句子合并為含有that或which引導的定語從句的復合句。
1.The pot is very expensive. It was used by my mom yesterday.
2. The magazine is mine. You read it this morning.
3. The dog is cute. Tom is looking after it.
4. That is the most interesting film. She has seen the film.
二：選用that, who, whom或which填空。
1. The girlyou saw at the meeting is a good swimmer.
2. The townwe visited a few years ago is much larger than before.
3. April 1st is a dayis called April Fools’ Day.
4. The girloften helps me with my English is from No. 8 Middle
This is the biggest libraryI have ever seen.A. which B. what C. where D. that
This is the very person _______I am looking for.A. which B. that C. who D. whom
Tell me everything ____ you know.A. whichB. about that C. about which D. that
I like the teacher ____ classes are very interesting .A. which B. who C. what D. whose
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